Zemin Fiziksel Özellikleri

 

Özgül Ağırlık

G

Birim Ağırlık (dry)

\(\gamma_d\)

Birim Ağırlık

\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\)

G ; \(\gamma_d\) - - \( (1 - \frac{1}{G}) \cdot \gamma_d + \gamma_w \)
G ; \(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) - \(\frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}} - \gamma_w}{G - 1} \cdot G\) -
G; w - \(\frac{G}{1 + w\cdot G} \cdot \gamma_w\) \(\frac{1+w}{1+2 \cdot G} \cdot \gamma_w\)
G; n - \(G(1 - n)\cdot \gamma_w\) [\(G - n(G - 1) \cdot \gamma_w\)]
G; e - \(\frac{G}{1+e} \cdot \gamma_w\) \(\frac{G+e}{1+e} \cdot \gamma_w\)
\(\gamma_d\) ; \(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) \(\frac{\gamma_d}{\gamma_w + \gamma_d - \gamma_{\text{sat}}}\) - -
\(\gamma_d\) ; w \(\frac{\gamma_d}{\gamma_w - w\cdot \gamma_d}\) - \( (1 + w) \cdot \gamma_d \)
\(\gamma_d\) ; n \(\frac{\gamma_d}{(1-n)\cdot \gamma_w}\) - \(\gamma_d + n \cdot \gamma_w\)
\(\gamma_d\) ; e \( (1 + e)\frac{\gamma_d}{\gamma_w} \) - \(\frac{e\cdot \gamma_w}{1+e} + \gamma_d\)
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; w \(\frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}}}{\gamma_w - W(\gamma_{\text{sat}} - \gamma_w)}\) \(\frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}}}{1 + w}\) -
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; n \(\frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}} - n\cdot \gamma_d}{1 - n\cdot \gamma_w}\) \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} - n\cdot \gamma_w\) -
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; e \( (1 + e) \frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}}}{\gamma_w} - e \) \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} - \frac{e}{(1+e)} \cdot \gamma_w\) -
w; n \(\frac{n}{(1 - n) \cdot w}\) \(\frac{n}{w} \cdot \gamma_{\text{sat}}\) \(n(\frac{1+w}{w}) \cdot \gamma_w\)
w; e \(\frac{e}{w}\) \(\frac{e}{(1+e)\cdot w} \cdot \gamma_w\) \(\frac{e}{w} (\frac{1+w}{1+e}) \cdot \gamma_w\)
 

Su Muhtevası

w

Porozite

n

Boşluk İndexi

e

G ; \(\gamma_d\) \((\frac{1}{\gamma_d} - \frac{1}{G \cdot \gamma_w})\cdot \gamma_w \) \(1 - \frac{\gamma_d}{G\cdot \gamma_w}\) \( (1 - \frac{1}{G}) \cdot \gamma_d + \gamma_w \)
G ; \(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) \(\frac {G\cdot \gamma_w - \gamma_sat}{(\gamma_{\text{sat}} - \gamma_w)G} \) \(\frac{G\cdot \gamma_w - \gamma_{\text{sat}}}{(G - 1)\cdot \gamma_w}\) \(\frac{G\cdot \gamma_w - \gamma_{\text{sat}}}{\gamma_sat - \gamma_w}\)
G; w - \(\frac{w \cdot G}{1 + w\cdot G}\) \(W\cdot G\)
G; n \(\frac{n}{G\cdot(1 + n)}\) - \(\frac{n}{1 - n}\)
G; e \(\frac{e}{G}\) \(\frac{e}{1+e}\) -
\(\gamma_d\) ; \(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) \(\frac{\gamma_{\text{sat}}}{\gamma_d} - 1\) \(\frac{\gamma_sat - \gamma_d}{\gamma_w}\) \(\frac{\gamma_sat - \gamma_d}{\gamma_w + \gamma_d - \gamma_sat}\)
\(\gamma_d\) ; w - \(W \cdot \frac {\gamma_d}{\gamma_w}\) \( \frac{w\cdot \gamma_d}{\gamma_w - w\cdot \gamma_d}\)
\(\gamma_d\) ; n \(\frac{n\cdot\gamma_w}{\gamma_d}\) - \(\frac{n}{1 - n}\)
\(\gamma_d\) ; e \(\frac{e}{1+e} \cdot \frac{\gamma_w}{\gamma_d} \) \(\frac{e}{1+e}\) -
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; w - \(\frac{w\cdot \gamma_sat}{(1 + w)\cdot \gamma_w}\) \(\frac{w\cdot \gamma_sat}{\gamma_w - w(\gamma_sat - \gamma_w)}\)
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; n \(\frac{n\cdot \gamma_w}{\gamma_sat - n \cdot \gamma_w}\) - \(\frac{n}{1 - n}\)
\(\gamma_{\text{sat}}\) ; e \(\frac{e.\gamma_w}{\gamma_sat + e(\gamma_sat - \gamma_w)}\) \(\frac{e}{1+e}\) -
w; n - - \(n(\frac{1+w}{w}) \cdot \gamma_w\)
w; e - \(\frac{e}{(1+e)}\) -

 

\[\Phi' = \tan^{-1}(\frac{2}{3}\tan\Phi) \]

\[c' = \frac{2}{3}c \]

Granüler zeminler için tipik Elastisite Modülü değerleri (KPa) (Obrzud & Truty 2012 complied from Kezdi 1974 and Prat et al. 1995)

USCS Açıklama Gevşek Orta Yoğun
GW, SW Çakıllar / İyi derecelendirilmiş kum 30000 - 80000 80000 - 160000 160000 - 320000
SP Kum, uniform 10000 - 30000 30000 - 50000 50000 - 80000
GM, SM Kum / Sitli çakıl 7000 - 12000 12000 - 20000

20000 - 30000

 

Kohezif zeminler için tipik Elastisite Modülü değerleri (KPa) (Obrzud & Truty 2012 compiled from Kezdi 1974 and Prat et al. 1995)

USCS Açıklama Çok Yumuşak - Yumuşak Orta Sert - Çok Sert Sıkı
ML Hafif plastisiteli siltler 2500 - 8000 10000 - 15000 15000 - 40000 40000 - 80000
ML, CL Düşük plastisiteli siltler 1500 - 6000 6000 - 10000 10000 - 30000 30000 - 60000
CL Düşük-orta plastisiteli killer 500 - 5000 5000 - 8000 8000 - 30000 30000 - 70000
CH Yüksek plastisiteli killer 350 - 4000 4000 - 7000 7000 - 20000 20000 - 32000
OL Organik siltler - 500 - 5000 - -
OH Organik killer - 500 - 4000 - -

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